The Seven Years War in Europe by Franz A.J. Szabo

Theoretische Neuorientierung-kommunikative Praxis- Kultur- und Wissenschaftstransfer (Berlin, 2002), pp. 115–26 Elisabeth Fattinger, ‘Gestaltung und Gewinn eines Auftragsreise: Karl Graf Zinzendorf in Großbritannien (1768)’ in Joachim Rees, Winfried Siebers and Hilmar Tilgner (eds.), Europareisen politisch-sozialer Eliten im 18.

Festschrift zum 125-Jahr-Jubiläum des Instituts für Geschichte der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Graz, 1990), pp. Zinzendorfs Kommerzialreise nach Spanien im Jahre 1767’ in Herwig Ebner, Horst Haselsteiner and Ingeborg Wiesflecker-Friedhuber (eds.), Geschichtsforschung in Graz. Georges Englebert (Brussels, 1991) Grete Klingenstein, ‘Spanien im Horizont der österreichischen Aufklärung. Chronique belgo-bruxelloise 1766–1770, ed. 286–87 Georges Englebert (ed.) ‘Deux voyages du Comte Charles de Zinzendorf, 1769–1770’, Bulletin de la Société des Bibliophiles Liegois, 22 (1976), pp. 258–330 Adam Wandruszka, ‘Pietro Leopoldo e le sue riforme in Toscana (dal diario edito del conte Carlo Zinzendorf)’, Archivio storico italiano, 117 (1960), pp. Ein Beitrag zur mariatheresianischen Wirtschaftspolitik’, Mitteilungen des österreichischen Staatsarchivs, 13 (1960), pp. Nach Vorarbeiten von Hans Wagner, Veröffentlichung der Kommission für Neuere Geschichte Österreichs 84 (Vienna, 1997) Elisabeth Reiner, ‘Karl von Zinzendorf und das Eisenwesen in Innerösterreich. Maria Breunlich and Marieluise Mader (eds.), Karl Graf von Zinzendorf, Aus den Jugendtagebüchern 1747, 1752–1763. Recently, the relevance of a fiscal–military state has also been examined for the Habsburg monarchy in the eighteenth century.

This became particularly relevant in the eighteenth century when the costs of warfare in Europe increased significantly. Further, a good administrative structure was necessary to support its fiscal and military activities. For Brewer, to cover the increasing costs of warfare, a fiscal–military state had to be able to raise funds through both credit and taxation. A central question was the effectiveness with which economic resources could be mobilised. The term was apposite to describe the evolution of states and their fiscal systems to meet the demands of larger armies and more expensive equipment. It has since been employed widely, notably in a comparative context. The term was first used in the late 1980s by John Brewer in a study on eighteenth-century Britain.

Scholars have used the concept of fiscal–military state to study the importance of finance in the development of the states in Europe between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.

The Seven Years War in Europe by Franz A.J. Szabo